HTTP Operators¶
The following code examples use the http_default connection which means the requests are sent against
httpbin site to perform basic HTTP operations.
HttpSensor¶
Use the HttpSensor to poke until the response_check callable evaluates
to true.
Here we are poking until httpbin gives us a response text containing httpbin.
task_http_sensor_check = HttpSensor(
task_id="http_sensor_check",
http_conn_id="http_default",
endpoint="",
request_params={},
response_check=lambda response: "httpbin" in response.text,
poke_interval=5,
dag=dag,
)
HttpOperator¶
Use the HttpOperator to call HTTP requests and get
the response text back.
Warning
Configuring https via HttpOperator is counter-intuitive
For historical reasons, configuring HTTPS connectivity via HTTP operator is, well, difficult and
counter-intuitive. The Operator defaults to http protocol and you can change the schema used by the
operator via scheme connection attribute. However, this field was originally added to connection for
database type of URIs, where database schemes are set traditionally as first component of URI path.
Therefore if you want to configure as https connection via URI, you need to pass https scheme
to the HttpOperator. AS stupid as it looks, your connection URI will look like this:
http://your_host:443/https. Then if you want to use different URL paths in HttpOperator
you should pass your path as endpoint parameter when running the task. For example to run a query to
https://your_host:443/my_endpoint you need to set the endpoint parameter to my_endpoint.
Alternatively, if you want, you could also percent-encode the host including the https:// prefix,
and as long it contains :// (percent-encoded %3a%2f%2f), the first component of the path will
not be used as scheme. Your URI definition might then look like http://https%3a%2f%2fyour_host:443/.
In this case, however, the path will not be used at all - you still need to use endpoint
parameter in the task if wish to make a request with specific path. As counter-intuitive as it is, this
is historically the way how the operator/hook works and it’s not easy to change without breaking
backwards compatibility because there are other operators build on top of the HttpOperator that
rely on that functionality and there are many users using it already.
In the first example we are calling a POST with json data and succeed when we get the same json data back
otherwise the task will fail.
task_post_op = HttpOperator(
task_id="post_op",
endpoint="post",
data=json.dumps({"priority": 5}),
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
response_check=lambda response: response.json()["json"]["priority"] == 5,
dag=dag,
)
Here we are calling a GET request and pass params to it. The task will succeed regardless of the response text.
task_get_op = HttpOperator(
task_id="get_op",
method="GET",
endpoint="get",
data={"param1": "value1", "param2": "value2"},
headers={},
dag=dag,
)
HttpOperator returns the response body as text by default. If you want to modify the response before passing
it on the next task downstream use response_filter. This is useful if:
the API you are consuming returns a large JSON payload and you’re interested in a subset of the data
the API returns data in xml or csv and you want to convert it to JSON
you’re interested in the headers of the response instead of the body
Below is an example of retrieving data from a REST API and only returning a nested property instead of the full response body.
task_get_op_response_filter = HttpOperator(
task_id="get_op_response_filter",
method="GET",
endpoint="get",
response_filter=lambda response: response.json()["nested"]["property"],
dag=dag,
)
In the third example we are performing a PUT operation to put / set data according to the data that is being
provided to the request.
task_put_op = HttpOperator(
task_id="put_op",
method="PUT",
endpoint="put",
data=json.dumps({"priority": 5}),
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
dag=dag,
)
In this example we call a DELETE operation to the delete endpoint. This time we are passing form data to the
request.
task_del_op = HttpOperator(
task_id="del_op",
method="DELETE",
endpoint="delete",
data="some=data",
headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
dag=dag,
)
Here we pass form data to a POST operation which is equal to a usual form submit.
task_post_op_formenc = HttpOperator(
task_id="post_op_formenc",
endpoint="post",
data="name=Joe",
headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
dag=dag,
)
The HttpOperator also allows to repeatedly call an API
endpoint, typically to loop over its pages. All API responses are stored in memory by the Operator and returned
in one single result. Thus, it can be more memory and CPU intensive compared to a non-paginated call.
By default, the result of the HttpOperator will become a list of Response.text (instead of one single Response.text object).
Example - Let’s assume your API returns a JSON body containing a cursor:
You can write a pagination_function that will receive the raw request.Response object of your request, and
generate new request parameters (as dict) based on this cursor. The HttpOperator will repeat calls to the
API until the function stop returning anything.
def get_next_page_cursor(response) -> dict | None:
"""
Take the raw `request.Response` object, and check for a cursor.
If a cursor exists, this function creates and return parameters to call
the next page of result.
"""
next_cursor = response.json().get("cursor")
if next_cursor:
return dict(data={"cursor": next_cursor})
return None
task_get_paginated = HttpOperator(
task_id="get_paginated",
method="GET",
endpoint="get",
data={"cursor": ""},
pagination_function=get_next_page_cursor,
dag=dag,
)